Graphene The Most Versatile Carbon Allotrope with Extraordinary Properties  Carbon is one of Earth’s most abundant elements and vital for living organisms. Known as the “king” of the periodic table, its chemical properties are exceptional due to an electronic structure capable of forming single, double, and triple bonds, allowing it to create up to ten million compounds.  Carbon allotropes are carbon-based materials with different molecular configurations and, consequently, unique properties. For instance, in graphite, a soft, thermally resistant, and electrically conductive material, carbon atoms form three covalent bonds in a hexagonal pattern, arranged in stacked layers loosely bonded together.  Graphite's common uses include pencils, batteries, and lubricants. Meanwhile, in diamond, an insulating material highly valued in jewelry, carbon atoms are bonded covalently in a tetrahedral structure, giving it extreme hardness used mainly for cutting tools.  Other lesser-known carbon allotropes are nanometric in size (smaller than 0.1 microns). These include fullerenes, which resemble a soccer ball and can act as semiconductors...

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries and their environmental impacts drive the search for alternatives. Graphene improves battery capacity, conductivity, and durability. Researching new solutions is crucial to address supply, demand, and sustainability challenges.

Explore the transformative impact of graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial, on the textile industry. Despite production challenges, the industry has actively studied graphene's benefits, focusing on electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as fire resistance. Graphene's multifunctional capabilities, combined with polymeric matrices, show promise in various applications, such as smart textiles and enhanced fire-resistant materials.

This article will review some of the latest research on the safety of graphene in humans, and whether it can be concluded that there is any real health risk.