Plastic originated in 1860 with the development of celluloid, a material designed to replace ivory, marking the starting point for modern plastics. While plastics are indispensable in many industries, their uncontrolled use has caused an environmental crisis, prompting the need for circular economies and recycling. Not all plastics are recyclable, and recycled plastics often lose properties during processing. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of graphene, has enhanced the performance of both virgin and recycled plastics. Even in low concentrations, graphene significantly improves the strength and durability of polymers.

The cement industry, one of the primary sources of CO2 emissions, is adopting new technologies to reduce its environmental impact. Graphene, a nanomaterial with superior properties, has emerged as a promising solution, capable of reducing emissions by up to 30% in construction, while simultaneously enhancing concrete strength and lowering production and maintenance costs in the quest for a more sustainable future.

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries and their environmental impacts drive the search for alternatives. Graphene improves battery capacity, conductivity, and durability. Researching new solutions is crucial to address supply, demand, and sustainability challenges.

Nanotechnology, particularly Graphene, plays a critical role in the quest for efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Its integration into Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and the latest generation of solar panels is revolutionizing energy efficiency and solar thermal energy storage. Graphene shows significant potential for enhancing thermal conductivity and the efficiency of passive heating systems, paving the way for cleaner and renewable energy utilization.